For OWA Extensions work externally there is a couple of things that need to be in-place.
First of all verify OWA Servers access Internally (LAN) the EVSERVER using port 80 (telnet evserver 80) I belive this is working because you mention is working fine using LAN.
I belive you also run the owauser script with no errors and by refering to the installation guide, correct?
If you use ISA Server as Firewall for your organization there is a couple of docs that address you for the configuration needed; refer to the post of Gertjan made you before. You have to publish the evserver usign the same listener that is using your OWA rule but with por 80. I'm my case I have to create another Web Server Publishing Rule for the EVSERVER.
The Desktop Policy in use must configured as Proxy and not Direct on client access method and on RPC over HTTP address I use the default
<https>/enterprisevault/ when the firewall is not an ISA Server. If the Firewall is an ISA Server use your external OWA address without /owa but with /enterprisevault/ (
https://mail.corp.com/enterprisevault/)
For any change made on the Desktop Policy you must sync mailboxes again and make sure you select the last checkmark, sorry but I cannot remmeber the exact name now but it have something about security in the name just select all of them and click run by selecting archive and shortcut processing also on the drop down menu.
Good luck!