1) Yes you can use a.n.other server as a master server, but it might be better to plan for the future and purchase another box (or cluster) to act as the master server.
2) If you have a single node master, and it crashes, then no, you will not be able to perform backups or restores via media servers (either SAN or SSO) or plain clients.
3) "Oracle Database Extension" and "Oracle Agent" refer to the same licenced option, i.e. the ability to backup Oracle whilst it is up/open.
4a) If NetBackup master server is installed on an Oracle server, then as long as you purchase "NetBackup Enterprise Server" then this includes a licence for one SSO media server and one client, and one library based tape drive. Personally, I wouldn't install NBU master server on an Oracle server.
4b) Yes, a master server is a media server is a client.
5) If you want to backup Oracle via RMAN, then yes you will need an Oracle Agent licence. The terms "Oracle Database Extension" and "Oracle Agent" are synonomous.
6) Yes, a "SAN Media Server" is a "SAN Client with Fibre Transport".
7) What version of NetBackup are you thinking of using?
8) If you are a high availability site, then you may want to think about installing a NetBackup Master Server cluster, and store your catalog database on SAN attached disk storage.
9) I would look at doing the following, NetBackup Master server cluster, two "SAN media server" + "Oracle Agent". (you do not need separate "Protect Server" as you will not be backing-up any other plain clients. The "SAN Media Server" licence includes a licence to secure itself.
10) N.B. if you do go for two separate "SAN Media Server" instances on your two Oracle hosts, then if you want each Oracle database to backup at the same time then you will need two tape drives in your library. This is because a "SAN Media Server" cannot share it's tape drive (during backup) with any other NetBackup server. Or, if you an high availability site, have two libraries, one at each of two different sites, i.e. place you library at the opposite site to your client.
11) I believe that "SSO Media Server" and "SAN Media Server" licences do not inlcude a licence for one "library tape drive", i.e. not like a master server licence. So, you will need to purchase two more "Library Tape Drive" licences, i.e. one for each of your "SAN Media Server".