There are various document present on how EV works with OWA 2010, Few of them are below.
How do the Enterprise Vault (EV) Toolbar options in Outlook Web Access (OWA) communicate with the EV Server to perform Archival, Retrieval and Restore actions (http://www.symantec.com/docs/TECH78412)
What are the requirements, and modifications made, in order to enable Enterprise Vault (EV) options with Outlook Web Access (OWA) 2007 or Outlook Web App (OWA) 2010 (http://www.symantec.com/docs/TECH78377)
How do the Enterprise Vault (EV) Extensions integrate and process archived items with Outlook Web Access (OWA) 2007 or Outlook Web App 2010
(http://www.symantec.com/docs/TECH78411)
OWA section of Admin guide.
Enterprise Vault 9.0 Web.config options for Microsoft Exchange 2010 Outlook Web Access (OWA) http://www.symantec.com/docs/TECH141519
Based on your error "Symantec Enterprise vault-error-you don't have access to this vault", I would ask first question on When does this error come? When you double click on shortcut then does it gives you complete email, Does this error comes when you click on shortcut link or yellow message at the top stating 'the item is currently unavailable, click here......."? You can send screenshot.
I would also suggest you to enable OWA logging on CAS server by putting following lines in web.config
<add key="EnterpriseVault_LogFolder" value="C:\Program Files\Enterprise Vault\OWA 2010\logs\"/>
<add key="EnterpriseVault_LogEnabled" value="true"/>
<add key="EnterpriseVault_LogMailboxes" value="mailbox@mydomain.local"/>
Replace 'mailbox@mydomain.local' with appropriate SMTP address of user you are doing testing with & save this file (you don't need to restart any service OR IIS) and reproduce the issue by double click on archived email. You can upload this file to forum.
Most probably EV extension are unable to restrive the emails & when you are click on yellow warning message the above error message is observered.
I would also suggest you to check if EVAnon Virtual directory exist on EV server, if not then please create by following steps (detail steps are given in TN http://www.symantec.com/docs/HOWTO38207).
1. Create a text file with name "ExchangeServers.txt" and place all CAS+NLB IP into that, save this file under EV installation directory (c:\program file 86\enterprisevault\ExchangeServer.txt)
2. Run command prompt using run as Administrator & explore to EV installation directory.
c:\program file 86\enterprisevault>cscript owauser.wsf /domain:domain /user:username /password:password
(need to create a simple domain user a/c which should be used as anonymous a/c)
Restart all EV services and synchronize affected mailbox (open VAC \ Expand EV servers \ select task \ right click on task \ synchronization).
Try to retrieve archived email. If still have issue then please send us OWA log.