Thank you for all the suggestions. Here is what I found:
- The network adapters on the VM hosts are configured for 1 Gbps, full duplex, and the adapters on the guests and the switches are set to auto-negotiate. This is true for both the server with the speedy backup, and the slow one.
- We have Endpoint 12, and it does not scan during backup. Also, the files are scanned at modification, but not when accessed.
- Based on the NBD issue mentioned above, I specifically excluded that, but it made no difference. I backup through the ESXi host, but not through the vCenter (not sure how to go through this).
- As for MTU/Jumbo Frames, some adapters were set for 1500, but most have it disabled. This is true for both the server with the speedy backup, and the slow one.
- As for file transfer speed, the server that backs up quickly transferred a file at 7 MB/sec, whereas the server that backs up slowly transferred it (oddly) at 11 MB/sec.