Thanks, CQ. Yes, I'm getting exactly the same problem as on the first machine. Namely, there is no error message at all, the install just simply closes almost instantly.
Some observations:
One of the two machines was an upgrade from Windows 10 to Windows 10 version 1511 while the other was a clean install of version 1511 so it doesn't seem to be an issue of upgrade vs. new install.
Note that it's definitely not a problem with a bad download. After the failure on the first machine I re-download the SP4 version and even did so from a different location location.
I have a couple of laptops as well that I will test on this evening and post my results. One came with 8.1 but has since been upgraded to Win 10 via a clean install, the other is a brand new machine (about a week old) that came with Win 10 preinstalled already but that I upgraded to version 1511. I'll see what results I get with those.
So the one big difference that I see so far, at least between your installations and mine, are that all of mine were clean installs or factory preload of Windows 10 while you upgraded from 8.1.
Thanks for sharing your experience. I will update this evening when I test the laptops.